Apparatus for purifying water.



G. R. DARNALL.

APPARATUS FOR PURLFYING WATER. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 4, 1912.

11,060,669. Patented May 6, 1913.

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mrwsssas: IIIVEIITOI? I TTDR IIEY C. R. DARNALL.

APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER.

APPLIUATION FILED 10120.4, 1912.

1,060,669; Patented May 6, 1913.

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%T EE% lPAET FlFllCEO CARL ROGER DAENALL, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

APPTUS FOR PUBIFYING WATER.

oe eee.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, CARL DARNALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Apparatus for Purifying Water; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

to the regulation of other gases and also to liquids when such a method ofregulation is desirable.

The invention is based on the well known facts, first, that the quantity of a gas or liquid discharged through an orifice in a unit of time varies (for moderate pressure) approximately directly as the square root of the pressure to which it'is subjected; and second, that the pressure varies directly as the square of the quantity delivered in a if a given orifice discharges one gallon of fluid in one minute, when'the fluid is under a pressure of one pound, it will require a pressure of four pounds'to give a discharge of two gallons per minute.

The invention will first be hereinafter more particularly'described, with reference "to the accompanylng drawings, which are to be taken as a part of this specification,

and then pointed out in the claims at the end of the description.

in said drawings Figure 1 is a sideelevation, partlyin section, of an apparatus embodying my invention and illustrating its application in connection with a pump for supplying a municipal water distributing system; 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modification of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3' is a side elevation, partly section, of another modification, illustrating an apparatus adapted for sup- Specification of Letters Patent.

of the invention is to containing compressed chlorin,

stem is loosely fitted.

Patented May (d, 1913.

Application filed December 4-, 1912. Serial No. 734,914.

plying chlorin to the water in an aqueduct having a variable flow; and Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, of another modification, illustrating an apparatus designed especially for use with pipes emptying into tanks or reservoirs directly and in which the static pressure at the point of discharge is low and varies but little, while the pressure at the source of supply is considerable but fairly constant.

Referring to the drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to. denote corresponding parts in different views, the letter A (Figs. 1 and 2) may denote a pump of any suitable construction, preferably a centrifugal pump operated by a rotating shaft which raises the water from a well or tank B, through a suction pipe 0, and forces the water into a main D, from which it is distributed. I

The letter E (Fig. 1) denotes a small auxiliary pump connected up for operation synchronously with the main pump A, as by means of a belt drivenby a pulley attached to the shaft of the pump A. The suction pipe F extends below the water level in the well B, and the discharge pipe l5, leading from the auxiliary pump E empties into the well, as shown; said discharge pipe being controlled by a valve f.

lhe letter G denotes a fluid pressure regulator, which may be constructed in any suitable manner, but preferably consists of a casing having a diaphragm g attached to one arm of a lever G" which is pivotally supported intermediate its ends within the casing and has its other end attached to the stem of a valve H through which by means of suitable pipes leading from the chlorin container to the suction pipeG chlr-rin 9' is conducted from a drum or cylinder l,

to said suction pipe. The valve H is in communication with the upper compartment of the pressure regulator G through a passage provided therefor around the stem of the valved-l, as by means ofa pipe section in'whichsaid 'It will be readily understood that pressure in the upper compartment of the casing ofthe pressure regulator G will push the diaphragm therein downwardly and thus elevate the stem of the valve H, thereby closing said valve endinterrupting the flow of gas therethrough, while pressure in the lower compartment of. we

the casing will push the dia h'ra up- Wardly, and open the valve gm K denotes an ordinary pressure gage in communication with the lower compartment of the pressure regulator.

The pipe or pipesv leading from th chlorin'container and with which the valve H is. connected is provided with a valve L for controlling the flow of chlorin gas and also with a cut-off valve M which is designed to be closed when the apparatus is not in operation.

The lower compartment of the .pressure regulator G is in communication with a fluid or air chamber 0, through a pipe 0 and saidair chamber communicates with the discharge pipe F of the auxiliary pump through a pipe 0 which enters the discharge pipe F between the auxiliary pump E and the valve f. The discharge pipe F preferably enters the well B above the water line therein and the suction pipe F leads out from a point near its bottom.

In operation the apparatus is first adjusted by opening the valve f in 'the discharge pipe of the auxiliary pump E and the main pump A is operated at its minimum speed, which also putsauxiliary pump E in opera- .tion and forces water through its suction and discharge pipes and the valve f back into the well. Thereupon valve f is gradually partially closed, thereby forcing water into the air chamber, which causes a rise of pressure therein and also in the lower compartment of the pressure regulator tending to open the valve H. The valve f is then so adjusted that the gage K (which may be an ordinary steam gage) will register the minimum working pressure desired, for example, one pound. The chlorin is then turned on by opening the 'valve 2' on the container I, whereupon the pressure in the upper com partment of the pressure regulator will rise, thus lowering the diaphragm g, while the stem of the valve II will be pushed against its seat, thus cutting off the flow of chlorin.

Valve M is then opened and valve L is so adjusted that the proper amount of chlorin will pass into the water issuing through the suction pipe O of the pump A. The proper quantity may be determined by suitable chemical and bacteriological tests of the water drawn from the main D. The adjustment described having been oncemade the further regulation of the apparatus is automatic, because as the speed of pump A 1s increased the speed of the auxiliary pump E increases and forces an increased quantity of water through the valve f, which increases the pressure in the lower compartment of the pressure regulator G, thereby further -open1ng the valve H and increasing the pressure of gas in the pipe between the pressure regulator and valve L, thus causing an increased flow of chlorin through valve L and thence into the water in the suction pipe C of the pump A. For example, if the speed of the pump A is increased fourfold, thus sending four times as much water into the main D as it did when it was run at its minimum speed, the auxiliary pump E will send four times as much water through the valve f as .it did before, but in doing this the pressure in the air chamber 0 and the pipes above and below the same communicatmg iwith the discharge pipe F and the lower i compartment of the pressure regulator, and f also the pressure insaid lower compartment a will rise from one poundto sixteen pounds, ;and the pressure in the pipe between the .f pressure regulator and the valve L will rise until it also is sixteen pounds. Under this pressure the flow of chlorin through valve L ,jto the water in the suction pipe Cwill be approximately four. times what it was, thus part of the pump, as .will readily be understood by hydraulic engineers.

In the modification shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings the several parts of the apparatus are essentially the same as described with reference to Fig. 1, and the operation is the gsame, except that the auxiliary pump denoted bythe letter E is an air pump instead 5 of a water pump, and has its discharge pipe opening directly into the air, as shown, while the chlorin is conducted into the discharge %pipe or main D'instead of into the suction pipe C, as shown inFig. 1. In order to fal cilitate lubrication and render attention less {necessary the auxiliary pump, instead of utilizing either water or air, may be provided with a small reservoir of oil into which both the suction and'discharge-pipes extend.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings is shown a modification in which the water flowing through an aqueduct is utilized as a means for actuating the auxiliary pump. The letter P denotes a small turbine or other suitable water motor the rate of rotation of which'is proportional to the velocity of the flow in the aqueduct Q, in which the flow is variable. In this instance the auxiliary pump may be operated by means of a belt R connecting suitable gears or pulleys on the shafts of the turbine and the pump, or by other forms of transmission, and thus actuate the regulating apparatus as described with reference to Fig. 1. The suction and discharge pipes of the auxiliary pump, as shown, lead from and back into the aqueduct in a manner similar to-the arrangement of the corresponding parts shown in Fig. 1.

; maintaining the required ratio of chlorin to era-ted by a suitable connection with the cross-head of the piston or other moving at the source of supply is considerable but fication in which the pipe static pressure at the po nt of discharge is low andvaries but little while the pressure fairly constant. In this instance the pressure ofth'e water a means .,for actuating the pressure regulator. The pipe S is connected with a source a of supply under pressure and discharges into the reservoir T by a free opening.

valve U is placed in this pipe between the point of entrance of the chlorin pipe and the source of water supply, as shown, and an inlet valve V is provided between which and the valve U the pipe 0 leading from the air chamber 0 connects with the. con- In operation, the .apparatus is adjusted by admitting through the valve V the mini- -mum flow of water which-it may be desired to purify. the gage K, owing to the back pressure in the conduit S, registers the minimum pressure under which it is desired to operate theapparatus. Having done this, valve L is adjusted to deliver the proper amountof chlorin gas to the minimum amount of water now flowing through the pipe S. Having madethe adjustment described the further regulation is automatic and the operation otherwise the same as described with reference to Fig. 1. As more water is admitted from the source of supply the pressure in the regulator G will increase and a proportionately greater quantity of chlorin will pass through the valve L and'the pipe leading therefrom into the water inthe pipe 8, and thus maintain the. predetermined ratio between the chlorin and water..

be "made in the Numerous changes may wh ch details and arrangement of parts,

will readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in the-art to which the invention relates, without involving a departure from the spirit and scope of my invention. For

example, a pressure regulator of, a diiferent type might be substituted for the particular construction shown and described, which is merely a preferred form, and other forms of pumps such as are well knownin the art may the auxiliarypump, pressure device which will erform the desired function may take t e place of the air chamber in communication with the pressure regulator and discharge pipe of the auxiliary pump .in the described arand I do not desire to be limited to the specific construction and arrangement of arts illustrated or described nor do I desireto be'limited in the application of in the main is utilized "as- Valve U is then adjusted untilbe substituted foreither the main or and any suitable'fluid.

the invention to the treatment of water with chlorin gas, as other liquids may be similarly treated and other gases may be used for similar purposes.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and .ters Patent of the United States is:

1. An apparatus for purifying liquids comprising means whereby the liquid to be purified is caused to flow in a given direcdesire to secure by Let tion, means for introducing into the liquid a purifying agent, including a pressure regulator and suitable valves for controlling the supply of saidagent to the liquid, and means operated synchronously with said first named means,whereby any variation in the flow of the liquid wlllcause a variation in the supply of the purifying agent in the I same proportion.

2. An. apparatus for purifying liquids comprising ineans whereby the liquid to be purified is caused-to flow in a given direction, valve-controlled means for introducing into the liquid minute quantities of a purifying agent, including a pressure regulator, and means actuated by and synchronously with said first named means for varying the pressure in said regulator, whereby any variation in the uantity of liquid under treatment will. e ect a proportionate decrease or increase in the quantity of the purifying agent introduced.

3. An apparatus for purifying liquids comprising a source of liquid supply, a pump by which the liquid is caused to flow in a given direction, a gas reservoir, a conduit leading from said gas reservoir to the liquid to be treated, a pressure regulator in said conduit, an auxiliary pump actuated .bv and synchronously with the main liquid pump, an air chamber interposed between and communicating with said pressure regu lator and the discharge from said auxiliary pump, and suitable valves in said conduit and discharge, whereby any variation in the quantity of liquid flowing from the pump will cause a corresponding variation in the quantity of gas introduced into the liquid.

4. In'combination, a source of liquid supply, a conduit through which the liquid is caused to flow,,a gas tank and valve-controlled pipes leading from said tank into the flowing liquid, including a pressure regulator,

and means whereby any variation in the quantity of liquid flowing will vary the quantity of gas introduced therein in the same proportion.

,. 5. In combination, a. pump for drawing water from a source of supply, an auxiliary pump actuated by and synchronouslywith the first named pump and having a discharge pipe with a valve therein for controlling the discharge therefrom, a gas tank, valved pipes leading from said gas tank into the water drawn through said pump, a pressure regulator in communication with said pipes, an air chamber in communication with said auxiliary pump and said pressure regulator, and means whereby the flow of gas into the Water is regulated automatically in such manner that when the quantity of water passing through the pump Varies the quantity of introduced into the water will vary 1n the same proportion.

6. An apparatus of the character described comprising a chlorin container, a conduit leading from said container into flowing. water, a pressure regulator in said conduit havinga diaphragm therein divid-' ing the same 1nto separate compartments one of which is in' com m,unication with said conduit, an in? chamber in communication with the other compartment of said regulator, a valve in said conduit actuated by the movements of said diaphragm, a cut-oi? valve between said regulator and the outlet from said conduit into the water, a valve between said regulator and cut-off valve for controlling the passage of gas through said conduit, means for causing a flow of water, and means actuated by said last named means and synchronously therewith for varying the pressure insaid air chamber, whereby the chlorin will be supplied in a definite ratio to the water'irrespectiveof the variations in the flow thereof.

7 An apparatus of the character described comprising means for producing a flow of water, a chlorin container, a conduit leading from said container to the water, a valve controlling the flow of chlorin gas passing" through said conduit, a fluid pres sure regulator having ascompartment in communication with said conduitv between said valve and said container and another compartment in con'uuimication with a fluid pressure device, a diaphragm separating said compartments and operatively connected with the valve stem of said pressure regulator, and means actuated by and in synchronism with said first named means for auton'lat-icallv regulating the pressure through said fluid pressuredevice so as to supply chlorin gas to the water in a definite ratio to the water irrespective of the variacompartment in communication with a fluid pressure device, a diaphragm separating said compartments and operatively connected with the valve stem of said pressure regulator, and a pump actuated by and in synchronism with said first named means for automatically regulating the pressure through said'fiuid pressure device so' as to supply chlorin gas to the water in a definite ratio to the water irrespective of the varia -tions in the flow of water 1n the pipe, aqueduct orpump to which the gas is admitted.

9. An apparatus" o f 'the character described comprising a main pump for pr0- ducing a flow of water, a chlorin container, a conduit leading from said container to the water, a valve controlling the flow of chlorin gas passing through. said conduit, a fluid pressure regulator having a compartment in communication with said conduit between said valve and said'container and another compartment in communication with a fluid pressure device, a diaphragm separating said compartments and operatively connected with the valve stem of said pressure regulator, and an auxiliary pump actuated by and in synchronism with said main pump for automatically regulating the pressure through said fluid pressure device so as to supply chlorin gas to the water in a definite ratio to thewater irrespective of the variations in the flow of water in the pipe, water main or pump'to which the gas is admitted.

In testimony whereof aiiiX my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

. CARL ROGER DARNALL.

\Vitnesses:

' CHAS. E. RIORDON, I

W. W. NAIRN, Jr. 

